Pyramid Building Solved?

[Heretic]

There was a book posted on ATS called Earth's Forbidden Secrets (http://www.thecrowhouse.com/Documents/Earths%20Forbidden%20Secrets%20Part%20One.pdf) which I read and found intriguing. I am not sure if this conclusion has been already proposed and discussed before but it is news to me so I thought I would present it to you in its original text. It seems that how the pyramids were build has been all solved.


Egyptologists have long claimed that no ancient records exist that describe how the Pyramids were built yet at around the age of 17, I became aware of another, very curious, Stele that is engraved on a stone on the island of Sehel, near Elephantine, north of Aswan in Egypt (fig.84). For some strange reason this Stele, known as ‘the Famine Stele’, has never been deemed worthy of serious research by scholars and is merely considered to be an interesting oddity by the Society of Egyptology. Yet after even a cursory investigation of the artifact one cannot help but question the unfathomable reasoning behind this conclusion.

The Famine Stele actually describes an ancient method for manufacturing limestone. It names the aggregates needed for the raw material and the plant extracts that are required to then bond the mixture of aggregates together. Could the pyramids have actually been cast instead of built by teams of men maneuvering hewn blocks?

Now correct me if I’m wrong, but surely the fact that such a Stele even exists at all should give scholars a reason to at least examine the methods described in the ancient text to see if there is any validity to them. Indeed, I believe the Famine Stele needs to be made the subject of some very serious and rigorous research before being so readily dismissed. The simple fact that people of ancient times bothered to right this text down (carved in stone so it would last a very long time) coupled with the fact that the Stele describes such a thing as manufacturing stone should give cause for even the most mentally obtuse to consider it worthy of some serious investigation.



The Famine Stele was discovered in 1889 by C.E. Wilbour and was subsequently deciphered by various scholars: first Brugsch in 1891, then Pleyte in1891, Morgan in 1894, Sethe in 1901 and finally by Barguet in 1953. The hieroglyphic text was then examined and the previous translations were all compared with each other. Unfortunately the Stele is slightly incomplete and somewhat damaged with a section that has been broken off near the top but we can still glean enough information from what does exist to kind of ‘fill in the blanks.’

One third of the Stele deals with the building of monuments involving three of the most renowned characters of ancient Egypt: the Pharaoh Zoser, the Scribe Imhotep and the God Khnum. The remainder of the Stele speaks of various aggregates and plant extracts to be used in the process of manufacturing stone, possibly even for the monuments mentioned.

The text contained in this unique artifact has almost exclusively been considered to be interesting but fanciful and has been dismissed as a topic of no real use to any serious investigator of Egyptian antiquities. Yet in studying the Stele an intriguing question emerges: What would happen if we actually tried it and did what they described? Could the stone of the Pyramids have actually been mixed and poured into place at the site using plant extracts and aggregates available in Egypt? And also, would such aggregates and extracts have been available at the location at the time of their construction?

The answer to both these questions is very a resounding: Yes, they could have, quite easily! So surely if one can follow the methods described in the famine stele text and in doing, create a mixture that will solidify into a stone of comparable texture and composition to the stone used in the Pyramids, then is it not conceivable that it is most likely the method that was used in their construction. Indeed, it is the only really possible way it could have been done.

The true answer as to how the monuments were constructed may have suddenly become quite blatantly obvious. Indeed, it would appear that the builders even wrote it down for us. The question is: Why is this Stele still being ignored by Egyptology?

[Heretic]

Modern Techniques for Synthesizing Limestone

Then at last, someone came to the fore with a radical new theory in the now familiar form of Prof. Joseph Davidovits of the Geopolymer Institute, who also proposed the plant extract theory in the Mayan process and again, all credit must be given to the man. Ten Points! Prof Davidovits wrote a fascinating report in 1998 in which he proposed the idea that the pyramids were indeed constructed using aggregated limestone rather than by manipulating quarried blocks. His theory was then finally published in 1999 in a book entitled: "The Pyramids: an enigma solved”.

In the book he put forth the very sound, though academically radical theory that outcrops of relatively soft limestone could simply have been quarried and easily disaggregated with water and then the muddy limestone sludge (including the fossil-shells) mixed with lime and some kind of tecto-alumino-silicate forming material such as kaolin clay, silt, or the Egyptian salt ‘Natron’ which is a basic sodium carbonate. The limestone mud could then easily have been carried up by the bucketful and then poured, packed or rammed into formwork molds made of wood, stone, clay or brick that had been erected on the pyramid sides. The re-agglomerated limestone, thus bonded by basic geochemical reaction into a substance known as geopolymer cement, would then have hardened into resistant Limestone blocks as it dried actually solidifying into a substance a great deal harder and stronger than the original starting material.

Critics of this theory argue that Davidovits has never proved that Giza limestone really is geopolymer (and of course this is impossible to do because neither he nor anyone else is ever permitted to remove any material for testing) and they firmly state that the fact that the limestone blocks at Giza contain intact fossil remains substantially proves that they can not be manufactured stone or geopolymers but are in fact hewn blocks of natural limestone.

Interestingly, no-one specifies exactly why they think that intact fossil shells in the pyramid blocks prove that they are not manufactured blocks as even the most fundamental knowledge of Davidovits cast-stone theory clearly suggests that it was the Giza quarries themselves (where else?) that provided the limestone rubble for the aggregates of the pyramid blocks. Such intact fossils actually exist in abundance in the limestone of the Giza quarries.

Since that time, scientists at the Geopolymer Institute have successfully managed to manufacture and cast re-agglomerated limestone. Because it is (of course) prohibited to remove any material from the site of the actual pyramid for testing, for the purpose of the test the scientists selected a soft material containing a high percentage of fossilized shells from a quarry in France to ensure the geological material used in the experiment was very similar to that which is found in the quarries of the Giza plateau in Egypt. The purpose of the test was to demonstrate that this type of soft limestone material is indeed perfect for re-agglomeration.

The scientists then disaggregated the material with water, they then mixed the muddy limestone and its fossil shells with kaolin clay and a basic geopolymeric binder. The limestone mud was then packed into a pyramid shaped mould. The re-agglomerated limestone they created, bonded by geochemical reaction, then hardened into a resistant geopolymer limestone block (fig.85,86) that turned out to be a great deal harder than the original starting material exactly as they had predicted it would.

It was very notable that the whole process had the effect of strengthening the softer stone thereby making it more resistant to such things as weather, pollution, acid rain, temperature
variations and all those things that will generally just mess up your megalithic monument. Because the Institute was not authorized to sample original materials from the Giza plateau quarries (naturally), they were not able to use the exact formula described in the ancient Egyptian text. The French limestone that was used in the test is very similar but unlike the Giza limestone, had no reactive clay in it and the team was forced to add some. Nevertheless, the final result was extremely close to the constituency of that which is found in Egypt both chemically and geologically.




According to Davidovits, with the Egyptian formula, the result is also slightly different because it requires bigger blocks for a better cohesion and is not particularly suitable for smaller items. However even with the slight change of formula due to differences in the materials, these ground-breaking tests have clearly demonstrated that the process is quite possible and the only real key to the complete success of the procedure is in using the appropriate raw materials to begin with.

During a Television special filmed in 1991 called ‘This Old Pyramid’, Prof. Davidovits had the opportunity to demonstrate his cutting-edge theory and in the process, to also demonstrate a unique property of the Giza limestone that further supports the idea. In the presentation a chunk of limestone taken from the nearby Giza quarry was very easily disaggregated in water within 24 hours, leaving the clay and the other constituents gently separated from each other.

This demonstration showed that the existing fossils in the limestone would naturally remain intact as it would not have even been necessary to crush the stone during the manufacturing process as unlike other limestone, material from the Giza quarry simply breaks down in water all on its own.

As I mentioned before all credit must be given to Prof. Joseph Davidovits of the Geopolymer Institute for his groundbreaking study into this process and I highly recommend reading his work on the subject.

This certainly may go a good deal in helping explain how these ancient masses of stone may have been constructed but again we are still left with the question: By whom were they made and for what purpose?

Geopolymer Institute (http://www.geopolymer.org/)
Category: Archeology

Geopolymer Science Applied to Archeology (http://www.geopolymer.org/category/archaeology)

[Bobbi]

Now correct me if I'm wrong about this, but wasn't the Great Pyramid covered completely (at one time) in polished granite, a layer so thin that even with today's technology we can't get it that precisely thin? How does one explain that?

[unipax]

Now correct me if I'm wrong about this, but wasn't the Great Pyramid covered completely (at one time) in polished granite, a layer so thin that even with today's technology we can't get it that precisely thin? How does one explain that?

I heard that the sheathing was pilfered over time for use in construction of homes etc.
Maybe the super thin skin was over that pilfered sheathing?

[Heretic]

Now correct me if I'm wrong about this, but wasn't the Great Pyramid covered completely (at one time) in polished granite, a layer so thin that even with today's technology we can't get it that precisely thin? How does one explain that?

Napoleon described it as shining like a diamond on the distant horizon. Someone back then also said that it was visible from Palestine.

there is more to this type of building too:

Early explorers found a plant in South America who's juices soften certain types of rock, including boot spurs. Birds would grab this plant in its beak and rub it on the cliff walls, then peck at it like a woodpecker and hollow themselves out a hole to nest in. Jars of this stuff had been found in graves so it was somehow prized. There are other accounts of this stuff from a number of explores in the rain forest of Brazil and Peru and in the Andes mountains.

This stuff turns rock into a clay like texture. This is how some of the Mayan and other megalithic structures were built. No one hauled these huge rocks around, they broke them up and transported them then re-made them into huge hewn looking rocks.

[unipax]

dang Heretic
that is a good piece of info !

[Gale]

Could this same process be used to make a granite film over the pyramid, like using mica?

[Heretic]

I guess it would depend on how thin they could get the disaggregated granite. If there were no distinct viscosity restrictions then I see it as highly possible.

[sfth13]

Haramein talks about the Pyramids

[k'sha]

The above vid by Haramein is interesting....especially when he notes that anything found on temples,stele etc that doesnt fit in with currently held theories gets conveniently ignored and minimised....in it he talks about tree of life designs that seem to be lasered in to a temple that get passed over in conventional articles on the temple....could be the same situation with the stele you talk about,Heretic.

[k'sha]

....just have to make a correction...in the Haramein vid he talks about flower of life designs not tree of life....

[Heretic]

The above vid by Haramein is interesting....especially when he notes that anything found on temples,stele etc that doesnt fit in with currently held theories gets conveniently ignored and minimised....in it he talks about tree of life designs that seem to be lasered in to a temple that get passed over in conventional articles on the temple....could be the same situation with the stele you talk about,Heretic.

There are some "flower of life" inscriptions found at the Tomb of Osiris (The Osirion) on a number of columns and in a very obscure place:



At the rear of Seti I temple at Abydos, the Osirion was originally meant to be entered from the Transverse passageway leading from the back of Seti's temple, but at the moment this passageway is not open to the public, and visitors must exit Seti's temple at the rear and approach the Osirion from above at modern ground level.



If these are the ones your talking about then this is a 2008 update on them yet this is from an Egyptian tour site.

2008 - Update
In January 2008 we had a chance to re-examine all of the Osirion graffiti and to take more detailed photos. It is clear that the Flower of Life images appear quite extensively on two columns that face in to each other. There are at least eight versions of the FOL on the column not readily visible to the public. Photos of these images will be released when they have been fully analysed. However it is now clear that all of the graffiti are close to the top of the columns, which are some 14.5 ft (4.42m) tall. To be easily drawn someone would have had to have been on a platform some 8ft from the present base floor level. This suggests that these graffiti were inscribed long after the pharonic temple had fallen into disuse and the Osirion had begun to fill up with sand. In addition the Greek text IXCX can be clearly made out close to the top of one of the columns. This would date the graffiti well into the Christian epoch perhaps as late as the fifth or sixth century CE.
Source (http://www.kch42.dial.pipex.com/egypttour_osirion.html)

This is "official" information and not from the conspiracy world, so I assume they will not be discussing laser drawn images. I would be interested in this though if you have some info on it.

[sfth13]

This might help Heretic. at about the 5:30 mark in the vid he talks about the flower of life









here's the rest of the video

[sfth13]

this a cool site with some interesting pictures.

http://www.ancient-mysteries.com/

[sfth13]

this site has some info too...

http://thecompletefloweroflife.blogspot.com/

[Heretic]

I was just thinking about this plant extract that turns various rock into a putty like constancy and the Mitchell-Hedges Crystal Skull kinda makes sense. Many, if not all, crystal skull enigmas are solved if they could have sculpted them by softening the crystal; no grinding against the grain, no metals tools necessary

[sfth13]

on some subjects I find the more I read the more unanswered question there are, which makes it easy to believe anything is possible. I'm sure that when the big guy upstairs arrives we'll realize how much we don't know.
:bananen_smilies064:

[Norval]

on some subjects I find the more I read the more unanswered question there are, which makes it easy to believe anything is possible. I'm sure that when the big guy upstairs arrives we'll realize how much we don't know.
:bananen_smilies064:

Very well said, and this thread is a great one about the pyramids, , and what may have happened.

[sfth13]

New wall paintings found inside the Great Pyramid could change life as we know it..:bananen_smilies029::rolllaugh: